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BUILDING  CONSTRUCTION 


FOURTH  SERIES 


Including  an  Inexpensive  Method  ol  Directing  Daylight 
Back  into  Dark  Interiors  or  Rooms 


BY  . 


PETER  H.  JACKSON 

PACIFIC  COAST  AGENTS 

Baker  Iron  Works,  - - 950-966  Buena  Vista  Street 

Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

Chas.  A.  Palm,  - 1119  Sixth  Street 

Sacramento,  Cal. 

C.  H.  Brown  & Co.,  - 76  First  Street 

Portland,  Oregon 

C.  H.  Brown  & Co.,  - - - - 322  Bailey  Building 

Seattle,  Wash. 


Copyright  1809  by  Peter  H.  Jackson 


EASTMAN  & THOMAS,  PRINT,  416  MARKET  ST.,  S.  F. 


...CONTENTS... 


Improvement  in  Combined  Sidewalk  and  Root  of  Vault  Construction.  Advan- 
tages: Increased  Room,  Finished  Ceiling,  Lighter  Steel  Beams,  etc.,  at  no 
increased  cost  over  common  method  ....... 

Solidity  in  Fire-Proof  Floors  of  Light  Weight,  Tying  and  Bracing  the  Walls 
from  end  to  end  at  each  floor.  Enlarged  Blue  Prints  on  application. 

Transmission  of  Daylight  from  Windows  and  Other  Places  to  Light  Back  into 
Dark  Interiors  or  Rooms  ......... 

Mammoth  Prism  Lens,  Sidewalk  Lights  and  Aprons,  Unequalled  for  Transmitting 
Daylight  Back  into  Dark  Basements  ........ 

Ventilation  of  Basements  .......... 

California  Sate  Deposit  and  Trust  Co’s  Rooms  Under  Sidewalk,  also  Rear  of 
said  Building  ............ 

Under  the  Sidewalk  of  the  Claus  Spreckels  iS  story  Building,  occupied  as  the 
Press-room  of  the  “San  Francisco  Daily  Call”  . 

Floor  Lights  ............. 

Illuminating  Stoop  ........... 

Cement  or  Stone  Illuminating  Vault  Covers  and  Rims  ..... 

Exterior  of  a Large  Arched  Skylight  ...... 

Sidewalk  Lights  ........... 

Panels  of  Arched  Skylights  ......... 

Iron  Illuminating  Vault  Cover  and  Rims,  also  Coal  Hole  Covers  . 

Architectural  Iron  and  Steel  Work  for  Buildings  .... 


PAGE 

I to  5 

6 and  7 

8 to  10 

. 1 1 and  1 2 

13  and  14 

15:  17 

18 

16  and  18 

19 

19 

20 

21  and  22 

23 

23 

24 


All  Steel  Flush  Water-proof  Sidewalk  Doors  and  Steel  Frames 


25  and  26 


JACKSON'S  COMBINED  ARTIFICIAL  STONE  SIDEWALK 

AND 

GALVANIZED  STEEL  ROOF  OF  VAULT  CONSTRUCTION 


TOGETHER  BUT  4 INCHES  IN  THICKNESS 

The  bottom  surface  of  sidewalk  forming  a finished  Galvanized  Steel  Ceiling  to 
the  room  or  vault  beneath  which,  as  to  finish  would  be  suitable 

for  any  ceiling  of  the  building 


The  dove-tail  corrugations  in  the  steel  bottom  form  retaining  channels  which  hold  and  clasp 
the  superposed  Artificial  Stone  filling  forming  the  sidewalk  and  becomes  integral  with  it,  and 
together  of  great  strength. 

It  was  found  from  trials  of  strength  of  several  slabs,  each  4 inches  thick,  7 feet  long,  span  6 
feet  6 inches,  and  1 foot  8 inches  wide,  the  average  breaking  distributed  load  was  2221  pounds  per 
square  foot.  The  San  Francisco  City  Ordinance  requires  the  strength  of  sidewalks  over  vaults 
to  be  400  pounds  per  square  foot,  or  less  than  one-fifth  this  strength. 


ADVANTAGES 

It  increases  the  room  from  floor  to  ceiling  from  12  to  15  inches  compared  to  any  other  con- 
struction and  without  additional  expense.  It  saves  in  cost  by  using  lighter  steel  beams  than 
when  the  usual  heavy  brick  or  concrete  arches  are  used. 

In  many  of  the  streets  in  San  Francisco  the  street  sewer  is  not  deep  enough  for  requisite 
I height  of  closets,  etc.,  under  sidewalk.  This  construction  admits  from  12  to  15  inches  more  room 
up  from  the  floor  than  the  common  method. 

It  is  particularly  adapted  to  places  that  will  not  admit  of  deep  excavation  before  coming  to 
water. 

This  galvanized  steel  ceiling  or  metal  bottom  of  sidewalk,  is  the  same  as  the  galvanized  steel 
bottoms  of  our  Patent  Sidewalk  Lights,  which  we  have  made  over  140,000  feet  during  the  last  ten 
years,  and  are  in  use  in  all  the  Cities  of  the  United  States  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  and  in  a great 
many  damp  and  exposed  places,  and  we  have  yet  to  learn  of  a single  case  of  rust . 


THE  FOLLOWING  BUILDINGS  IN  SAN  FRANCISCO  AND  OAKLAND,  CAL.,  HAVE  THIS  IMPROVEMENT  : 


1140  to  1146  Market  Street 
32  Kearny  Street 
224  to  234  Powell  Street 
314  to  320  Mason  Street 
hi  to  123  Third  Street  and  extending  down 
Stevenson  Street 

S.  W.  corner  Kearny  and  Commercial  Sts. 
Hall  of  Justice,  Kearny  Street 

122  to  128  M 


Smith’s  Cash  Store,  23  to  27  Market  Street 
415  to  423  California  Street 
31  to  37  Turk  Street 
20  to  24  Geary  Street 

Stockton  St.,  between  Clay  and  Sacramento  Sts. 
175  feet  long  on  Stevenson  Street,  beginning  at 
5th  Street 

S.  E.  cor.  Montgomery  and  Sutter  Streets 
Street,  and  others. 


To  be  at  new  fire-proot  building  N.  W.  corner  Kearny  and  California  streets. 

Oberon  Concert  Hall  Building,  O’Farrell  street. 
u buildings  on  Fourth  and  Morrison  streets,  Portland,  Oregon. 

“ building,  N.  W.  corner  2d  and  Minna  Sts.,  San  Francisco. 


OAKLAND,  CAL. 

Oakland  Bank  of  Savings  in  part,  416  to  420  Twelfth  street,  Uhl  building,  13th  street  near 
Clay,  and  others. 

To  realize  the  advantage  and  finish  of  this  improved  construction  it  should  be  viewed  from 
beneath. 

P.  H.  JACKSON  Sc  CO.,  228  Sc  230  First  St.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


From  photo  taken  under  sidewalk,  from  daylight  through  sidewalk  lights  of  building 
1140  to  1146  Market  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal  , showing  the  finished  Galvanized  Steel  Ceiling 
and  Reflecting  Lens  Sidewalk  Lights.  The  thickness  of  combined  sidewalk  and  vault  roof 
4 inches.  Strength  of  sidewalk  over  2000  pounds  per  square  foot.  Specification  on  5th  page. 


From  photo  taken  under  1st  floor  or  basement  of  above  building  25  feet  distant  back  from 
the  sidewalk  lights  from  daylight  coming  through  said  lights  at  that  distance,  showing  in  the 
distance  the  finished  Galvanized  .Steel  Ceiling  and  Reflecting  Lens  Sidewalk  Lights,  and  No 
Li  t/:  to  Basement,  flush  steel  sidewalk  doors.  The  gutters  in  frame  being  steel  never  break 
from  impact  of  boxes  etc.,  passing  through  common  to  brittle  to  cast  iron. 


2 


From  photo  taken  under  sidewalk  of  the  then  unfinished  building  S.  E.  corner  Montgom- 
ery and  Sutter  Streets,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  belonging  to  the  Luning  Estate,  from  daylight 
coming  through  sidewalk  lights  above, showing  the  finished  Galvanized  Steel  Ceiling  and  Sidewalk 
Lights  supported  by  Jackson’s  Patent  Concrete  Beams.  The  thickness  of  Combined  Sidewalk 
and  Roof  of  Vault  4 inches.  Strength  of  sidewalk  over  2000  pounds  per  square  foot.  Spec- 
ification on  5th  page. 


—3178 

Prom  photo  taken  under  sidewalk  of  building  S.  W.  corner  Kearny  and  Commercial 
Streets,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  from  daylight  throught  sidewalk  lights  above,  showing  finished 
Galvanized  Steel  Ceiling  and  Sidewalk  Lights.  The  thickness  of  combined  sidewalk  and  vault 
roof  4 inches.  Strength  of  sidewalk,  over  2000  pounds  per  square  loot. 


3 


From  photo  taken  under  sidewalk  of  the  Kearny  Street  front  of  the  unfinished  Hall  of  Just 
building,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  Mess.  Shea&  Shea,  Architects;  showing  bottom  surface  of  sidewalk  a finis! 
Galvanized  Steel  Ceiling.  The  thickness  of  Combined  Sidewalk  and  Vault  Roof,  4 inches.  This  constr 
tion  extends  the  length  of  block  on  Kearny  Street  and  down  Washington  Street.  Strength  of  sidews 
over  2000  pounds  per  square  foot.  Specification  on  5th  page. 


SPECIFICATION 

OF 

Jackson’s  Combined  Artificial  Stone  Sidewalk  and 
Galvanized  Steel  Ceiling  of  Basement  Extension 

or  Vault  Beneath 

Furnish  and  Set  Artificial  Stone  Sidewalk  with  galvanized  corrugated  steel  bottom  forming 
finished  ceiling  to  the  room  or  vault  beneath,  together  4 inches  in  thickness,  composed  as  follows: 

The  bottoms  to  be  No.  22  Apollo  Best  Bloom,  or  other  equally  as  good  galvanized  sheet 
steel  having  dove-tailed  corrugations  forming  retaining  channels  for  the  superposed  cement 
filling,  and  made  as  follows: 


The  corrugated  sides  of  one  sheet  lapping  into  the  adjoining  one  as  shown  at  (A),  see 
above  cross  section,  and  the  ends  of  the  corrugated  sheets  over  the  beams  extending  and  lapping 
into  each  other  3(2  inches  or  more,  the  lap  covering  the  width  of  the  beam,  the  top  piece  over- 
lapping in  direction  of  the  incline  of  the  street. 

The  middle  of  spaces  between  beams  to  support  the  middle  of  the  corrugated  sheets  to 
prevent  vibration  during  tamping  of  the  cement  filling,  to  be  temporarily  braced  in  cross  direction 
to  the  corrugations,  the  braces  not  to  be  removed  before  9 days  after  completion  of  cement  filling. 

The  corrugated  steel  bottoms  to  have  a superposed  thickness  of  4 inches,  composed  as 
follows  shown  in  above  cross  sections:  the  proportions  described  in  measures,  to  be  first  quality 
slow  setting  Portland  Cement,  to  be  thoroughly  mixed  with  its  aggregates  and  proper  proportion 
ot  water,  worked  quickly,  and  to  be  gently  but  thoroughly  tamped,  and  not  stopping  work  in 
any  event  until  the  full  thickness  of  4 inches  is  formed. 

The  bottom  thickness  to  be  iff  inches  completely  filling  the  corrugations  1 J inches 
deep  and  of  an  inch  over  the  flat  portion  between  corrugatious  to  be  1 of  Portland  Cem- 
ent. 2ff  of  clean  sharp  sifted  beach  gravel  well  mixed  with  water;  if  this  surface  is  not  very 
moist  before  next  mixture  is  applied,  coat  it  with  a solution  of  neat  Portland  Cement  and  water 
of  a consistence  of  very  thick  cream,  upon  this  to  a thickness  of  2 inches  to  be  quickly  added  a 
mixtureof  1 part  Portland  Cement,  3 parts  of  clean  sharp  sifted  beach  gravel,  4 parts  of  clean  small 
broken  blue  rock  that  will  pass  through  a 5+  inch  mesh,  No.  3 rock,  and  water.  (Red  Rock 
Prohibited.) 

The  top  half-inch  to  be  equal  parts  Dyckerhoff  or  other  equally  as  good  Portland  Cement  and 
clean  sharp  sifted  beach  gravel;  the  top  finished  with  neat  Portland  Cement  colored  to  suit,  and 
trowel  finished  laid  off  in  squares  not  to  exceed  two  feet,  the  incisions  forming  the  squares  in 
all  cases  to  be  Vi  inch  in  depth. 

Two  galvanized  wires  twisted  into  one  to  be  laid  about  1 inch  below  the  finished  top 
surface  direct  and  across  and  not  to  exceed  20  inches  apart  in  either  direction. 

The  top  surface  to  be  covered  after  20  hours  old  to  a thickness  of  about  one  inch  with 
clean  sand,  and  then  covered  with  boards  for  ten  days,  and  to  be  kept  continually  wet  during 
that  time. 

1 he  spaces  beneath,  between  the  corrugations  in  steel  ceiling  directly  over  the  beams,  to 
be  filled  in  the  full  width  of  flange  of  beam  of  a mixture  of  3 gravel  and  1 cement,  and  troweled 
smoothly.  If  an}7  of  the  laps  beneath  are  found  open,  to  be  filled  and  pressed  in  with  India 
Rubber  Cement. 

The  temporary  braces  beneath,  to  be  removed  not  less  than  9 days  after  completion  of 
sidewalk. 

The  steel  ceiling  to  have  two  coats  of  best  white  paint. 

The  sidewalk  lights  to  have  galvanized  steel  bottoms  with  dovetailed  corrugations  blocked 
with  2V2  inch  diameter  lenses,  and  artificial  stone  filling  to  be  equal  parts  Portland  Cement  and 
fine  sifted  beach  gravel,  surface  neat  cement,  bottom  painted  2 coats  of  white  paint. 

for  ventilation , large  basement  ventilators  with  suspended  enameled  non-corrosive  drip- 
ping  pans  to  be  built  in  sidewalk  near  retaining  walls  and  to  be  not  over  ten  feet  centers. 

Jackson'' s No  Leak  to  Basement , flush  with  sidewalk,  all  steel  frame  sidewalk  doors  with 
steel  surrounding  and  steel  middle  gutters,  with  drain  pipe  to  extend  through  retaining  wall, 
and  to  have  chains  and  fastenings  complete. 


SOLIDITY  IN  FIRE-PROOF  BUILDINGS 

JACKSON'S  1899  PATENT  IMPROVED  STROCTORAL  FIRE-PROOF 

CONSTROCTION 


HR  sidewalls  of  a building  having  this  light  in  weight,  but  strong  and  solid  fire-proof 
construction  between,  are  firmly  held  by  the  structural  parts  in  their  relative  positions 
to  each  other  by  being  both  braced  and  tied  throughout  the  distance  between,  stiffen- 
ing the  building  in  cross  direction. 

The  ends  of  the  light  concrete  beams  or  bearers  (C)  usually  about  seven  feet  from  center 
to  center,  abut  and  press  against  the  webs  of  the  steel  supporting  beams  (A,  A),  the  metal  strip 
ties  (B),  which  support  the  concrete  bearers,  are  attached  to  the  sides  of  the  steel  beams  about 
the  middle  of  their  depth,  supported  upon  the  clamps  (G.) 

An  especial  feature  of  this  improvement  after  the  concrete  bearers  (0  are  hard  and  strong,  by 
screwing  up  the  nuts  <H,  H,  H),  better  shown  in  figures  2 and  3,  takes  up  any  slack  including  shrinkage  of 
the  concrete,  firmly  tying  and  bracing  the  structural  parts  from  wall  to  wall. 

d'he  steel  I beams  may  be  from  16  to  20  feet  from  center  to  center,  and  the  concrete  bearers 
7 feet  from  centers. 

Figure  4 shoivs  the  common  method  of  this  kind  of  construction , and  is  presented  in  contrast  to  the 
foregoing . 

The  strip  ties  Figure  4,  hook  over  the  top  flanges  of  the  steel  beams,  are  roughly  made 
common  to  blacksmith  work  not  closely  fitting  the  top  and  edges  of  the  flanges  and  are  not 
always  of  exact  lengths,  and  when  these  ties  are  subjected  to  tensile  strain  during  employment 
the  inaccuracies  of  the  tie  stretch  according  to  the  strain,  also  the  steel  I beams  are  not  braced. 

On  top  of  the  steel  beams  and  concrete  bearers,  see  Figures  1,  2 and  3,  are  shown  the  fire- 
proof concrete  floor  with  galvanized  corrugated  steel  bottoms,  having  dovetailed  corrugations 
which  form  retaining  channels  and  hold  and  clasp  the  imposed  fire-proof  concrete  filling  which 
becomes  integral  with  it. 

d'he  corrugated  steel  bottom  of  the  floor  resists  the  tensile  strain  during  emplojonent  as 
the  bottom  flange  of  a steel  beam. 

The  floor  usually  3 ins.  in  thickness,  requires  no  centers  in  formation,  is  of  great  strength 
fully  1500  pounds  per  square  foot  of  7 foot  span,  and  if  made  4 ins.  thick  fully  2000  pounds  per 
square  foot. 

For  floors  of  less  strength  expanded  metal  or  wire  netting  enclosed  in  the  fire-proof  concrete 
may  be  used.  Wooden  strips  may  be  built  in  the  top  of  the  concrete  to  nail  wooden  floor. 

Rods  attached  to  the  bottom  of  the  concrete  bearers  and  steel  beams  are  commonly  used, 
hang  down  and  hold  the  suspended  fire-proof  ceiling  of  the  room  beneath,  leaving  an  airspace 
between.  The  fire-proof  ceiling  may  be  either  expanded  metal,  or  wire  netting,  enclosed  in  fire- 
proof cement  or  asbestos,  terra  cotta,  or  any  other  fire-proof  ceiling. 

P.  H.  JACKSON  & CO.  228  & 230  First  Street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


HOW  TO  COMPUTE  THE  SIZE  OF  STRIP  TIE  AND  BOLTS  OF  END 

FASTENING. 


To  find  the  load  which  a metal  strip  tie  has  to  sustain  in  its  maximum  employment,  and  what  size  it  should  he 
for  such  service,  also  the  diameter  and  number  of  bolts  to  be  used  to  fasten  each  end  of  tie: 


First,  find  the  area  of  floor  surface  to  be  carried  by  each  strip  tie,  by  multiplying  the  distance  from  centers  of 
steel  beams  by  the  distance  in  the  opposite  direction  from  center  of  one  tie  to  the  next  one. 


For  instance,  suppose  the  distance  from  center  to  center  of  steel  beams  is  15  feet,  and  the  distance  across  from 
centers  of  metal  strips  is  6 feet,  and  ibe  weight  of  floor  and  employed  imposed  load  together  is  260  pounds  per  square 
foot,  we  have, 

15  feet  x 6 feet=9o  feet  x 260  pounds=23,4oo  pounds  or  1 1 7-10  tons  load.  Employ  the  tie  at  6 tons  per  square  inch. 
Suppose  the  versed  sine  V to  be  1 foot  3 inches. 


Formula  for  computing  the  tensile  strain  on  metal  tie  strip,  which  is  as  a Catenary  of  a suspension  bridge  : 
W=total  load  found  11  7-10  tons. 

T=tension  on  tie  strip. 

S=span  in  feet.  15  feet. 

V=versed  sine  1 foot  3 inches. 

WS  175.5 


T 


8 V 


=-^^=17  5-10  net  tons  employed  tensile  strain  on  tie. 


10 


Employing  the  tie  in  proportion  of  6 tons  tension  to  1 inch  of  its  cross  section,  makes  the  requirement  3 square 
inches,  therefore  a tie  6 inches  wide  by  x/i  inch  thick  is  suitable. 


The  end  attachments  of  ties  to  web  of  steel  beams  should  be  nearer  the  top  flange  than  shown  in  cuts  on 
page  6,  in  order  that  the  Versed  Sine,  V,  may  be  as  great  as  the  case  may  admit,  which  reduces  the  required  amount 
of  metal  in  tie  and  consequently  reduces  cost. 


The  screw  bolts  and  nuts,  H,  at  each  end  extending  through  clamp  and  tie,  is,  subjected  to  the  same 
tensile  strain  as  the  tie,  and  in  this  instance  would  require  as  indicated  below  4 bolts  1 inch  diameter  employed 
at  4^2  tons  each=i8  tons. 


After  the  required  tensile  strain  on  tie  is  found  in  any  case,  employ  bolts  H,  of  the  following  diameters  up  to 
the  number  of  tons  given: 

yl  inch  diameter  bolt  to  be  employed  up  to  1 9-10  net  tons. 

^4  “ “ “ “ “ “ 2 7-10  “ 

1 “ “ “ “ “ “ 3 8-10 

1 “ “ “ “ “ “45-10 

l/i “ “ 5 75-100  “ 


SPECIFICATION 

OF 

FIRE-PROOF  FLOORS  OF  JACKSON’S  SYSTEM 


All  floors  excepting  basement  to  be  of  galvanized  sheet  steel  having  dove-tail  corrugations 
Drilling  retaining  channels,  Cinder  Concrete,  Suspension  Steel  Straps,  supporting  clamps  and  bolts, 
s illustrated  in  Figures  i,  2 and  3,  made  according  to  plans  herewith  accompanying  this  specification. 

Said  system  to  consist  of  Suspension  Steel  Straps 
B,  about  7 feet  centers  of  form  shown,  supported  at 
ends  by  metal  clamps,  (G),  and  secured  by  3 of  -;+  in. 
diameter  tightening  bolts  and  nuts  (H)  extending 
through  clamps  straps  and  web  of  steel  beam;  the 
bolt  holes  in  clamps  to  be  about  one-third  its  depth 
from  the  top. 

The  contractor  furnishing  the  steel  beams  will 
furnish  them  ready  punched  through  webs  corres- 
ponding to  holes  in  clamps;  a templet  and  directions 
for  the  holes  to  be  furnished  that  contractor. 

The  small  V shaped  open  spaces  between  clamps 
and  webs  of  steel  beam  to  be  temporarily  filled  be- 
fore the  concrete  is  added  either  with  wet  sand  or 
small  strips  of  wood,  and  to  be  dug  out  clean  after  the  concrete  is  hard  and  strong.  1 hen  place  a board 
Dii  each  side  of  Suspension  Steel  Strap,  with  suspension  ties  between  to  support  fire-proof  floor, 
md  fill  in  between  and  tamp  to  the  level  of  top  of  steel  beams  with  concrete  material  as  next  liere- 
ifter  described.  After  the  concrete  has  become  hard  and  strong  and  the  \ shaped  openings  clear, 
lighten  the  screw  bolts  (H>. 


Then  place  No.  22  dove-tail  galvanized  corrugated  steel  sheets  to  form  floor,  each  of  a length 
extending  over  and  resting  on  the  concrete  bearers,  of  form  and  size  corrugations,  etc.,  shown  in  the 
Allowing  section  Figure  4 1 2 . The  sides  of  the  corrugations  lapping  into  each  other  one  full  corrugation 
;is  shown  at  (A),  and  the  ends  of  the  corrugated  sheets  extending  into  each  other  one  or  more  inches. 


In  the  middle  of  all  corrugated  sheets  and  directly  beneath  them,  crossing  the  corrugations,  to 
be  a temporary  stiff  wooden  brace  extending  their  length  to  stiffen  the  middle  of  the  corrugated 
sheet  during  tamping  of  the  concrete. 

The  concrete  mixture  to  completely  fill  the  corrugations  and  % of  an  inch  above  covering  the 
flat  surface  between  corrugations,  making  a thickness  of  1 V2  inches  from  bottom  of  metal  as  shown 
in  Figure  4^2,  and  to  be  a mixture  of  1 measure  Portland  Cement,  2pj  measures  of  sand,  and 
requisite  quantity  of  water,  and  to  this  is  to  be  immediately  added  a mixture  1 inches  in  thickness 
composed  of  1 measure  of  Portland  Cement,  2 measures  of  clean,  sharp  beach  gravel,  and  5 measures 
of  cinders,  all  to  be  thoroughly  mixed  and  manipulated  during  the  process  of  the  work,  and  to  be 
thoroughly  tamped. 

This  concrete  slab  is  now  3 inches  in  thickness,  and  after  8 days  old,  beveled  wooden  strips  ib 
inches  in  thickness  shown  in  Fig.  4 V2,  and  18  inch  centers,  are  to  be  placed  by  carpenter  contractor, 
after  which  a concrete  filling  composed  of  1 measure  Portland  Cement,  3 measures  of  sand,  and  8 
measures  of  cinders,  to  be  filled  in  even  with  the  top  of  wooden  strips  and  thoroughly  tamped  in 
place.  The  wooden  braces  and  boards  at  sides  of  bearers  to  be  removed  9 days  after  the  concrete 
filling  has  been  completed. 


FIRE-PROOF  CEILINGS 

Phider  all  floors  and  galleries,  soffits  of  stairs,  and  under  all  roof  rafters,  to  be  formed  a ceiling  with 
cove  corners,  formed  of  1 inch  x 1 inch  x x s inch  steel  bent  to  radius  of  cove  corners,  suspended  by 
means  of  hook  bolts  spaced  14  inches  centers,  to  which  either  expanded  metal,  or  wire  lathing 
imbedded  in  cinder  concrete,  securely  wired;  all  ceilings  to  be  ready  for  plaster. 


A VALDABLE  DISCOVERY 


DIFFUSION  OF  LIGHT  THROUGH  WINDOWS  AND  TRANSMISSION  OF  LIGHT  IN 

DARK  PLACES. 

The  upper  sashes  of  all  deep  rooms  not  well  lighted  at  a distance 
back  from  the  windows,  should  have  simple  ribbed  glass  in  true  curves, 
inverse  and  obverse  21  ribs  to  the  inch.  This  form  of  glass  is  largely  in 
commercial  use  for  certain  purposes,  and  is  also  the  cheapest  type  of  glass 
for  glazing  windows  except  the  common  clear  glass,  and  is  to  he  had  in 

this  market. 


The  ribbed  portion  on  inside  and  is  easily  kept  clean. 


Abstract  from  the  Fngineering  News  and  American  Railway  Journal  oj  /tec.  22 , iS()S , and 
substantiated  by  circular  No.  72  of  the  Boston  Manufacturers  Mutual  Fire  Insurance  Co.,  one 
of  which  we  have. 

Mr.  Edward  Atkinson,  president  of  the  Boston  Manufacturers  Mutual  hire  Insurance 
Company,  experimented  largely  on  the  best  means  of  diffusion  of  light  through  windows  and 
skylights  in  mills  and  factories. 

He  experimented  with  various  forms  of  glass,  including  prismatic,  corrugated,  rough, 
waved,  and  ribbed  glass,  photographed  images  from  each  kind,  also  from  plain  glass,  and  he 
found  that  the  greatest  and  most  uniform  diffusion  of  light  was  not  delivered  from  prismatic  or 
angular  forms  but  from  simple  ribbed  glass  in  true  curves,  inverse  and  obverse  21  ribs  to  the 
inch.  This  form  of  glass  was  fortunately  in  commercial  use,  and  is  also  the  cheapest  for  win- 
dows except  the  common  clear  glass. 

Mr.  Atkinson  desired  further  information;  again  in  1S9S,  Prof.  C.  L.  Norton  of  the 
Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology,  Boston,  Mass.,  made  a more  complete  investigation,  and 
the  report  was  made  in  July  19,  189S,  by  circular  72  of  the  Boston  Manufacturers  Mutual  Fire 
Insurance  Co.,  is  as  follows: 

Mr.  Norton  started  out  doubting  the  assertion  made,  that  more  light  was  admitted  in  a 
room  when  glazed  with  corrugated  glass  than  glazed  with  plain  glass.  But  experience  has 
clearly  shown  that,  at  the  rear  wall  of  a room  25  feet  deep  the  light  was  increased  three  times 
by  substituting  ribbed  glass  for  plain  glass. 

The  result  of  this  examination  to  determine  the  relative  intensity  of  illumination  in  a 
room  of  the  various  glasses,  of  which  he  tested  many  kinds,  in  fact  all  he  could  find,  including 
the  most  expensive  Cathedral  Glass,  and  the  Luxfer  Prism  Glass,  proved  that  the  cheap,  Factory 
Ribbed  Glass  about  3-16  of  an  inch  thick  with  21  ribs  to  the  inch,  known  as  Factory  Glass  is 
decidedly  the  best  dispersive  glass  upon  the  market.  There  is  no  apparent  gain  by  corrugating 
both  sides. 

Ground  glass  is  a loss  of  transparency  caused  by  a slight  amount  of  moisture  or  dust. 

Photometric  measurements  were  made  by  taking  two  rooms  one  above  the  other,  alike  in 
exposure,  shape  and  size,  and  comparing  the  intensity  of  light  falling  on  similar  portions  of  the 
two,  when  one  was  glazed  with  plain  glass  and  the  other  with  glass  under  examination. 

These  following  two  photographs  do  not  shoiv  as  great  a difference  as  does  the  e}7e.  Take 
for  instance  the  apparatus  case  in  the  upper  right  hand  corner,  where  ribbed  glass  is  used  it  is 
possible  to  distinguish  and  recognize  the  separate  pieces  with  a very  small  window. 

When  the  same  window  of  plain  glass  is  used,  one  cannot  even  see  that  there  is  any  case 
there.  In  the  photograph  the  windows  are  behind  the  camera,  as  is  shown  by  the  strong  light 
on  the  lower  corner  of  the  plain  exposure. 


RIBBED  GLASS 


PLAIN  GLASS 

These  Two  Photographs  taken  from  the  Photos  in  Circular  No.  72 
mentioned,  do  not  show  as  marked  difference  as  to  light  as  in  the  circular. 

Broadly  speaking  it  was  found  that  in  the  center  of  the  room  was  as  bright  when  lighted 
by  a "window  one  square  foot  of  this  ribbed  glass  as  with  three  square  feet  of  plain  glass.  This  was 
true  in  all  lights  from  bright  sunshine  to  a heavy  thunderstorm,,  and  windows  facing  in  any 
direction. 


In  the  back  office  of  our  place,  228  and  23a  First  St.,  this  city,  is  a sash  door  opening  into 
the  back  yard,  and  in  it  are  8 panels  of  window  glass  12x17  inches,  4 of  the  glasses  were  taken  out 
and  substituted  4 of  these  corrugated  Ribbed  Factory  Glass  which  costs  eleven  cents  per  square 
foot,  and  have  two  separate  window  shades  to  cover  and  uncover  each  the  factory  and  plain  glass- 

Directly  opposite  this  is  an  open  door  to  a dark  room  which  intervenes  between  the  back 
office  and  the  front  show  room,  and  when  all  shades  are  drawn  down  then  the  shade  over  the  4 
plain  glass  is  raised  the  light  is  feeble  011  the  back  wall  of  the  dark  room  about  22  feet  distant  from 
the  glass  door,  but  when  this  shade  closes  out  this  light  and  the  one  over  the  factory  glass  is 
raised  the  light  is  bright  on  the  wall. 

The  contrast  is  surprising  and  should  be  witnessed  by  every  architect  in  San  Francisco. 

d he  value  of  this  discovery  is  very  important  as  we  have  at  hand  a cheap  reflecting  glass' 
which  should  be  generally  used  in  upper  sashes,  as  illustrated  on  proceeding  page  and  other 
places  where  it  is  desired  to  project  light  into  dark  interiors,  and  can  easily  be  kept  clean  as^ 
the  ribbed  portion  is  011  the  inside  and  not  exposed  to  damp  fogs  and  dust  common  to  that  of 
other  much  more  expensive  kinds  that  are  suspended  outside  the  window. 


The  Following  Illustrates  the  Best  Method  of  Introducing 
Daylight  into  Dark  Underground  Rooms 


The  cut  on  top  of  this  sheet  represents  the  top  surface  of  a panel  of  onr  improved  side- 
walk lights,  that  at  the  right  is  a cross  section  of  same,  and  the  two  cats  beneath  represent 
the  front  and  side  (enlarged  views)  of  one  of  onr  Mammoth  Reflecting  Prisms  used  in  said  light 
panel. 


steel  beam  on  line  of  front  of  building,  with  a suspended  apron  of  ribbed  reflecting  glass  in  frame  (A)  for 
transmitting  back  the  mass  of  directed  light  received  on  it  from  the  Mammoth  Reflecting  Prisms. 

Our  Mammoth  Prisms  have  no  equal  for  reflecting  light,  are  set  in  heavy  metal  frame  bottoms, 
and  cemented  with  Portland  Cement,  forming  the  top  surface  of  glass  with  artificial  stone  between,  and 
the  aprons  of  glass  we  use  are  superior  for  transmission  of  light  to  any  known,  and  are  verified  as  follows 

These  Mammoth  Prisms  will  light  a room  back  50  or  more  feet,  and  to  light  back  an  increased 
distance  aprons  (A)  are  suspended  in  frames  between  the  front  basement  columns.  The  apron  is  filled 
with  ribbed  sheet  glass  21  ribs  to  the  inch,  inverse  and  obverse,  and  as  stated  by  Prof.  C.  L.  Norton  of  the  I 
Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology  of  Boston  in  his  report  of  many  trials  made,  A superior  for  I 
dispersion  of  light  to  any  other  known  form  of  glass,  superior  to  prism  glass,  see  the  article  headed  diffusion 
of  light  through  windows  page  8 of  this  series. 

We  will  furnish  these  aprons  at  30  cents  per  square  foot,  while  the  price  here  of  the  best  of  the 
several  Eastern  makes  for  an  inferior  article,  is  $1.75  per  square  foot,  or  nearly  six  times  greater. 

Architects  and  others  are  requested  to  examine  the  increased  reflected  light  in  basement  from  onr 
Mammoth  Reflecting  Prisms  in  the  sidewalk  light  in  contrast  with  the  Chicago  Lnxfer  Prism  Light, 
both  the  same  size  panels,  at  Hastings  Clothing  Store,  S.  W.  corner  Montgomery  and  Sutter  Streets  this 
city. 

The  introduction  of  a flood  of  daylight  into  the  dark  parts  of  our  basements  under  stores  where  I 
property  is  valuable  means  money,  and  an  increase  of  cost  for  that  purpose  is  a wise  expenditure.  W ei 
have  right  here  at  hand  the  means  for  better  diffusion  of  daylight  in  basements  that  can  be  obtained  else-jl 
where  at  less  cost. 


From  “ Building  Review ’’  of  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  January  26th,  iSqq. 

GIANT  REFLECTING  LENSES 

Do  you  want  to  see  Mammoth  Light  Reflecting  Lenses  made  by  a San  Francisco  firm,  and  placedib 
in  position  by  workmen  who  live  here?  Then  just  go  down  to  the  corner  of  Montgomery  and  Sutterl' 
Streets  at  the  Hastings  Clothing  Store.  On  the  Sutter  Street  side  yon  will  see  a specimen  of  the  LuxferJ 

Prism  Co.,  made  in  another  State.  1 

II 

On  the  Montgomery  Street  side  you  will  see  Jackson’s  Home  Product  Mammoth  Reflecting  Lensesi 
True,  there  is  a comparison,  a poodle  can  be  compared  to  a lion;  but,  as  for  the  reflecting  power  of  the 
lenses,  the  home  product  is  far  and  away  ahead  of  the  Eastern  article.  And  the  great  superiority  is  man-| 
ifest  even  to  the  casual  observer.  Just  go  in  the  store  and  ask  to  be  shown  down  stairs,  an  escort  wilB 
be  promptly  furnished  you,  and  you  can  at  once  see  the  difference. 

Then,  if  San  Francisco  manufacturers  beat  those  of  any  other  city''  in  the  U.  S.  why  not  specify 
them  and  see  that  the}'  are  used,  and  thus  have  the  money  circulated  amongst  our  own  workmen  auc 
storekeepers.  The  Mammoth  Reflecting  Lenses  are  made  by 

P.  H.  JACKSON  & CO.,  228  & 230  First  St.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


JACKSON’S  METHODS  OF 


VENTILATING  BASEMENT 

EXTENSIONS,  OR  SPACES  UNDER  SIDEWALKS 


Ventilating  carriage  block  or  step  to  largely  ventilate  the  space  under  sidewalk.  It  sets  about  eleven 
lies  above  surface  of  sidewalk  resting  on  the  arch.  Length  3 ft.  2 inches.  Width  1 ft.  6 inches.  Fig.  2 is  cross 
tiou  through  x-y,  Fig.  1.  S,  indicates  sidewalk.  The  arrows  indicate  the  air  escaping  from  below  passing  out 
ough  the  apertures  b.  Rain  cannot  beat  in  from  the  outside.  This  excels  any  other  basement  ventilator  for 
ume  of  exit  of  air.  It  is  adapted  to  combined  sidewalk  and  roof  of  vault  construction.  It  sets  just  inside  the 
bstoue  where  carriage  blocks  are  commonly  placed.  Glass  Lens  arc  inserted  in  top  if  so  ordered. 


TUBE  VENTILATOR 


wi  th  an  enameled  dripping  pan  beneath 
that  does  not  rust  which  is  removable 
when  tilled  by  drawing  out  the  rods.  The 
arrows  indicate  the  air  passing  up  through 
and  out.  C,  is  the  curbstone.  R,  re- 
taining wall.  S,  sidewalk.  The  piece 
“P,"  prevents  the  pan  tipping  when  full. 

These  are  largely  used  in  San 
PTaneisco,  Cal. 

Sizes  14,  10  and  8 inches,  if  with 


15 


galvanized  dripping  pans  larger  sizes. 


ELEVATION 
HITCHING  POST 


I INCH  SCALE 


VENTILATING  HITCHING  POSTS 
BUILT  IN  THE  ARCH  AND 
SIDEWALK  NEAR  THE 
CURBSTONE. 


The  figure  on  the  left  illustrates  the  cross  section  of  its  length.  The  air  from  Base- 
ment passes  up  through  the  bottom  and  out  as  indicated  by  the  arrows  shown  in  section.  It  is 
adapted  to  combined  sidewalk  and  steel  roof  of  vault  construction  and  rests  on  and  is  secured  to 
brackets  built  in  the  retaining  wall. 

In  Chinatown,  San  Francisco  they  are  used  in  some  cases  as  chimneys,  a stovepipe 
entering  the  bottom.  They  are  largely  used  in  San  Francisco. 


Jackson’s  Steel  Water-Proof  Sidewalk  Doors  and  steel  frame  with  drain  pipe  extending 
through  outer  wall.  The  only  efficient  waterproof  construction  made. 

The  surrounding  gutter  of  steel  is  never  broken  from  boxes,  etc.,  striking  it  in  passing 
through,  remedying  the  fault  common  to  brittle  cast  iron. 


>4 


The  California  Safe  Deposit  and  Trust  Co’s  Building,  corner  California  and  Montgomei) 
Streets,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  was  erected  earl}-  in  the  seventies,  and  was  extensively  altered  and 
improved  in  1897  hy  Henry  A.  Schulze,  Escp,  Architect.  The  following  views  woe  taken  hom 
photographs  of  some  part  of  the  alterations  performed  by  the  undersigned. 


Rear  of  1st  story  of  the  California  Safe  Deposit  and  Trust  Co’s  Building,  San  Francisco, 


Cal.,  showing  Jackson’s  Galvanized  Steel  and  Stone  Arched  Skylight  which  extends  over  the  rears 
of  first  stories  on  both  California  and  Montgomery  Streets. 


The  California  Street  side,  (the  Montgomery  Street  side  being  the  same)  of  the  California 
Safe  Deposit  and  Trust  Co’s  Building,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  showing  the  illuminating  sidewalk 
and  area  covering  with  ventilators,  which  light  and  ventilate  the  basement  extension  beneath 
and  basement  of  the  building. 

With  valuable  improved  business  property  there  is  no  part  of  the  building  that  pays  sc 
great  a profit  on  the  expenditure  as  to  well  light  and  ventilate  the  basement  extension  or  space 
under  the  sidewalk,  and  to  have  the  work  well  executed  in  every  respect. 


Under  surface  of  either  our  floor  or  roof  light,  glazed  with  6 in.  x 6 in.  heavy  poker-dofl 
glass  plates  in  cast-iron  frames. 


Under  the  sidewalk  lights.  The  illustration  preceding  this  showed  the  top  surface  of 
sidewalk  lights  of  the  California  Safe  Deposit  and  Trust  Co’s  Building;  this  shows  the  illumi- 
nating ceiling  beneath.  The  small  rooms  shown  are  the  accounting  rooms  of  their  patrons. 


17 


Basement  extension  or  space  under  sidewalk  of  the  then  unfinished  Claus  Spreckels 
18-story  building,  corner  Market  and  Third  Streets,  San  Francisco,  Cal.,  Messrs.  Reid  Bros.,  Archi- 
tects. From  a photograph  taken  from  daylight  through  the  sidewalk  lights,  showing  JacksoiFs 
Galvanized  Steel  and  Stone  Sidewalk  Lights  having2^  inch  diameter  round  reflecting  lenses  alter- 
nating with  piano  convex  lenses. 


The  basement  and  basement  extensioti  is  the  press-room  of  the  San  Francisco  Call  lighted 
by  the  sidewalk  lights. 


Under  surface  of  one  of  our  floors  or  roof  lights,  glazed  with  io^  inch  square  thick,  richly 
ornamented  glass  plates.  Also  used  for  arch  and  flat  skylights'.  Enlarged  view  of  a glass 
further  om 


1-* 


Jackson’s  Improved  Illuminating  Stoop  with  beam  risers,  tnc  risers  are  of  beam  strength  with  nosing 
cast  on  as  shown,  or  the  nosing  may  be  formed  on  the  tread,  the  former  preferred. 

These  beam  risers  are  made  12  feet  or  longer  between  bearers,  instead  of  having  bearers  every  few 
feet,  increasing  the  cost  and  obstructing  light. 

The  strength  of  the  beam  riser  is  computed  by  Hodgkinson’s  formula  for  cast  iron  beams.  The 
‘.reads,  platform,  and  sidewalk  as  shown  are  galvanized  steel  and  stone  sidewalk  lights.  The  metal 
bottoms  do  not  rust  and  discolor  the  paint. 

Iron  stairs  plain  or  inlaid  of  this  construction. 

Daylight  and  ventilation  is  indispensable  to  finished  basements  of  valuable  business  property. 


Cement  or  stone  illuminating  vault  covers  and  rims.  The  cover  made  to  lift  out  or  stationary,  as 
Ordered.  Sizes,  diameter  of  cover,  t8,  24,  30  and  36  inches. 

T9 


Exterior  view  of  a large  Arched  Sky  Light  35  feet  across,  unfinished;  showing  our  work- 
men inserting  in  the  iron  frames  the  \ x/2  inch  thick,  ornamented  glass  plates  ioff  inches  square. 
An  enlarged  view  of  the  glass  plates  which  the  men  are  setting  shown  below.  The  glass  at  the 
left  shows  the  flat  top  surface,  and  that  at  the  right  is  the  bottom  or  inside  ornamental  surface. 
These  ornamental  glass  plates  are  also  made  up  into  iron  floor  lights,  and  flat  roof  lights. 


20 


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LLUMINATING  TILES  COMPOSED  OF  5-INCH  DIAMOND  OCTAGON  GLASS  LENSES,  WITH  COLORED  ENCAUSTIC  TILE  FILLING  AND 

BORDER,  FOR  VESTIBULES  AND  FLOOR  LIGHTS, 


from  beam  to  beam  on  which  its  sides  rest.  The  seam  between  it  and  the  next  panel  is  usually  a quarter 
ot  an  inch  in  width  over  the  center  of  beam.  To  close  the  seam  against  leak  the  space  is  to  be  completely 
filled  with  liquid  neat  Portland  Cement  forced  down  by  a table-knife  blade,  the  bottom  bearing  of  the 
tile  having  been  bedded  in  neat  plastic  Portland  Cement.  As  they  range  from  2%  to  2 /2  inches  in 
thickness,  about  double  the  thickness  of,  cement  sidewalk  lights  with  cast  iron  bottoms,  this  increased 
thickness  is  a preventative  from  leak  by  having  double  the  depth  of  seam. 

They  are  with  steel  frames  and  an  occasional  wrought  iron  grating  bar  which  holds  them 
together;  the  bars  extending  through  the  corrugations  with  riveted  ends  A,  B,  C,  D,  K,  as  shown.  We 
send  these  strong,  large  panels  to  fill  orders  in  different  parts  of  the  country,  occasionally  a panel  having 
an  area  of  forty  square  feet.  They  are  glazed  with  2XA  inch  diameter  by  either  1 inch  or  1 inches 
thick  lenses.  The  metal  bottoms  are  galvanized  preventing  rust  and  discoloration  of  paint. 

These  large  panels  light  the  basements  of  the  Parrott  or  Emporium  Building,  Spreekels  Building, 
California  Safe  Deposit  and  Trust  Company’s  Building,  Claus  Spreekels  Building,  Wells,  P'argo  & Co’s 
New  Building,  Hotel  St.  Nicholas  and  many  others  in  this  City,  Los  Angeles,  Sacramento,  San  Jose,  Port- 
land, Seattle  and  elsewhere. 


TESTIMONIALS 


Fire-Proof  and  Other  (dualities  oi  Tackson’s  Steel  and  Stone 

Sidewalk  Lights. 

Resistance  to  Intense  Heat. 

San  Francisco,  July  10,  1895. 

Messrs.  P.  H.  Jackson  & Co. 

Gentlemen: — At  the  great  fire  in  this  City  on  the  27th  of  last  month,  thirteeeu  days  ago,  the  Shir- 
ley House,  S.  W.  corner  \\  elsli  and  Fourth  Streets,  belonging  to  me,  was  burned  to  the  ground.  So 
intense  was  the  heat  that  the  two  sets  of  iron  fire-proof  sidewalk  doors  were  heated  and  bent  out  of  shape 
and  hung  down,  and  the  steel  beams  that  supported  the  inner  ends  of  your  Steel  and  Stone  Sidewalk 
Lights  were  warped  and  deflected,  the  glass  lenses  in  your  lights  were  melted  in  the  form  of  globular- 
shaped pendants  and  hung  below  the  steel  bottoms,  while  the  platforms  or  body7  of  the  lights,  excepting 
from  a slight  curvature  due  to  the  intense  heat  to  which  they  were  subjected,  remained  unbroken  and 
are  now  used  as  a sidewalk  and  roof  covering  to  the  space  beneath  and  people  walk  over. 

From  this  severe  trial,  I can  recommend  your  Steel  and  Stone  Sidewalk  Lights  as  great  resistants 
to  intense  heat,  as  they  stood  the  intensity  of  a fiery7  furnace  while  iron  sidewalk  doors  did  not. 

Respectfully7  yours, 

John  Shirley. 


21 


TESTIMONIALS.— Continued 


Resistance  to  Impact. 

In  San  Jose,  Cal.,  in  1892,  a heavy  plank  about  12  foot  long,  fell  endways  from  a plasterer’s  scaffold 
on  a line  with  the  third  story  of  the  building,  and  its  end  struck  one  of  these  Steel  and  Stone  Sidewalk 
Lights,  forming  area  lights,  merely  indenting  it,  due  to  their  thickness  and  strong  ductile  steel  bottom. 

I he  architects  of  the  building,  Messrs.  Jacob  Lensen  and  Son,  wrote  us  commending  the  great 
strength  of  the  lights,  which,  had  they  been  the  ordinary  thin  kind  with  brittle  cast  iron  bottoms,  the 
plank  would  have  undoubtedly  gone  through  to  the  cellar  floor. 


Resistance  to  Cutting  Through. 

o o 

BURGLAR-PROOF. 


In  December,  1893,  a Are  occurred  in  the  basement  of  the  Florence  Block,  N.  W.  corner  Ellis  and 
Powell  Streets,  this  City.  The  frontage  on  both  sides  have  our  Steel  and  Stone  Sidewalk  Lights. 
The  firemen  attempted  to  get  access  to  the  basement  for  their  hose  by  cutting  through  the  lights  with 
their  axes;  they  broke  out  the  cement  and  glass  but  failed  to  cut  through  the  tough  steel  bottoms  and 
had  to  gain  entrance  elsewhere. 


Resistance  to  Explosion. 


On  May  24th,  1894,  in  the  basement  of  the  lithographic  establishment  of  Messrs.  Dickman-Jones 
Co.,  011  Folsom  near  First  Street,  this  Cit}?,  the  head  of  a steam  heater  located  about  three  feet  below 
our  Steel  and  Stone  Sidewalk  Lights,  blew  off,  lifted  the  outer  ends  of  lights,  blew  out  many  of  the  lenses 
and  broke  the  cement  or  artificial  stone,  bent  upwards  the  steel  bottoms,  and  broke  the  sidewalk  slabs 
adjacent  to  the  lights.  We  bent  the  steel  bottoms  back  to  their  original  shape  and  made  up  the  lights 
and  cement  work.  Had  these  lights  been  of  half  their  thickness,  like  the  ordinary  kind,  and  with  brittle 
cast  iron  bottoms,  they  would  undoubtedly  have  been  blown  to  pieces  and  had  to  be  made  anew. 


Burglar- Proof  Qualities. 


On  Tehama  Place,  a dark  lane  on  the  side  of  a store  facing  First  Street,  in  this  City  in  June,  1895 1 
burglars  attempted  to  gain  entrance  to  the  basement  of  the  store  through  our  lights,  they  broke  out  the 
cement  and  glass  with  heavy  weights  and  pries,  but  failed  to  cut  through  or  break  the  tough  steel  bottoms. 


22 


A small  panel  of  steel  and  stone  arched  skylight  with  oblong  and  sunburst  lenses  which 
are  also  used  in  floor  lights. 


A.  small  panel  of  steel  and  stone  arched  skylight  with  2^x1  inch  or  2)4xi  J + inch  round 

lenses. 


The  figure  at  the  left  illustrates  an  iron  coal  hole  cover  and  rim. 

“ right  “ “ “ “ “ “ with  a few  glasses  and  rim. 

“ in  the  middle  “ “ “ illuminating  vault  cover  and  rim. 

We  have  sizes  of  each  kind,  diameter  of  cover,  18,  24,  29  and  36  inches. 


23 


P.  H.  Jackson  & Co. 

MANUFACTURERS  OF 

Architectural  Iron  and  Steel  Ulork  for 

Buildings 

FIRE-PROOF  FLOORS  AND  CONSTRUCTION,  STEEE  BEAMS, 
COEUMNS,  GIRDERS,  IRON  STAIRS,  SHUTTERS, 
DOORS,  GRATINGS,  THE  COMMON  AND  WATER 
PROOF  SIDEWALK  DOORS,  FIRE-ESCAPES 
AND  STAND  PIPES,  BASEMENT 
VENTILATORS,  ETC. 


...ACmE  VENTILATORS... 

WITH  DOUBLE  BLOWING  CHAMBERS  HAVE  DOUBLE  THE  POWER  TO  EXHAUST 
COMPARED  TO  BEST  VENTILATOR  KNOWN 

COMPUTATIONS  MADE  as  to  the  STRENGTH  of  ANV  IRON  or  STEEL  BUILDING  CONSTRUCTION 


228  and  230 


FIRST 


and  5 and  7 

O 1 lYITXv  1 TEHAMA  ST. 


TELEPHONE  MAIN  79 1 


BOX  27  BUILDER’S  EXCHANGE 


24 


San  Francisco,  Cal. 


JACKSON’S 

Patent  Water-Proof  Sidewalk  Doors 

WITH  STEEL  FRAME 


The  Only  Water-Proof  Construction  Made.  Is  Flush  with  Sidewalk,  and 
as  the  Gutter  is  made  of  Steel,  Never  Breaks,  removing  the 
general  complaint  of  its  breaking  when 
made  of  Brittle  Cast  Iron 


Fig.  4 


In  Basements  of  First-Class  Buildings  that  have  modern  im- 
provements for  Light  and  Ventilation,  THERE  IS  A GENERAL 
COMPLAINT  DIE  TO  LEAKY  SIDEWALK  DOORS,  the  WATER 
LEAKING  AROUND  the  OUTER  EDGES  OF  AND  BETWEEN  the 
DOORS,  forming  pools  on  basement  floor,  WETTING  GOODS  that 
may  be  under  them,  and  malting  that  part  of  the  basement  extension 
DAMP  AND  THE  WALLS  MOULDY. 

WW  THIS  IS  ABSOLTUELY  THE  ONLY  WATER-PROOF 
CONSTRUCTION  MADE,  THERE  ARE  SEVERAL  HALF-WAY 
ATTEMPTS  that  are  water-proof  against  heavy  dews,  but  an  abom- 
ination during  continued  hard  rains. 


Figure  3 on  the  preceding  page  is  a perspective  view  showing  a set  of  these  water-proof 
Steel  Doors  and  Steel  Frame,  showing  door  (A.)  closed  and  the  other  open;  showing  the  inside 
surrounding  gutter  b,  and  the  cross  gutter,  a,  the  latter  attached  to  door  A,  and  lifts  with  it. 


The  general  objection  heretofore  made  to  the  cast  iron  surrounding  gutter  b,  see  Section, 
figure  2,  breaking  from  cases  or  barrels  striking  it  in  passing  over , is  now  overcome  by  making  the  frame 
of  Steel , and  at  no  increased  cost  compared  to  brittle  cast  iron. 

This  improved  frame  as  now  made,  consists  of  Steel  Z Bar  and  Steel  Angle  riveted  together, 
waterproof  and  of  great  strength,  better  shown  in  Section,  Figure  1,  this  forms  a large  inside 
surrounding  gutter,  see  b,  b,  b,  Figure  3,  which  receives  the  water  that  comes  in  around  the 
outer  edges  of  the  doors,  and  the  water  that  leaks  between  the  doors  falls  in  the  cross  gutter  a, 
and  runs  into  the  surrounding  gutter,  b,  then  all  empties  down  and  out  the  drain  pipe  which 
extends  through  outer  retaining  wall  to  under  the  roadway,  see  Figure  4;  g,  is  the  Curb  Stone. 
At  the  bottom  of  the  vertical  drain  pipe,  see  Figure  4,  is  a screw  plug  which  may  be  removed 
should  the  pipe  possibly  get  filled  with  dirt. 

Furthermore,  the  sheaves  which  carry  the  steel  ropes  or  sidewalk  hoists  or  hand  elevators 
are  attached  to  all  cast  iron  frames  of  sidewalk  doors  in  the  manner  shown  in  Figure  2,  the 
sheave  is  held  on  one  side  of  a single  thickness  of  cast  iron,  into  which  the  pin  is  inserted, 
and  when  the  loaded  platform  of  hoist  is  carelessly  let  run  and  then  checked,  produces  enormous 
cross  or  bending  strain  from  leverage  of  the  sheave  on  one  side  of  the  single  thickness  of  cast 
iron,  and  they  sometimes  break  from  such  severe  usage  on  dotted  line  XX,  Figure  2.  Such  was 
the  case  at  830-840  Market  Street,  this  city,  the  owner  had  both  new  sidewalk  hoists  taken  out 
from  breaking  of  the  cast  iron  frames  at  this  place  and  substituted  hydraulic  elevators  that  do 
not  depend  on  the  frame. 

To  obviate  this  cross  strain,  the  hangers  for  sheaves  on  our  steel  frames  are 
made  as  shown  in  Figure  1,  the  strain  is  down  in  a direct  line  and  with  a double  thickness  of 
metal,  one  on  each  side  of  sheave,  and  do  not  break. 

Abstract,  absolutely  water-proof  and  do  not  break,  consequently  no  cause  for  damage  from 

injury. 


26 


